Answer :
Final answer:
To control pest infestations, utilizing biological control measures and preserving natural predator habitats are effective and environmentally friendly approaches, with chemical controls as a last resort to minimize ecological impact.
Explanation:
Pest infestations must be controlled effectively to prevent damage to crops and promote human and environmental health. Biological control measures, like introducing natural predators or parasites of pests, are effective in controlling insect populations, preserving biodiversity, and reducing resistance and costs. Landscape complexity can enhance the effect of these natural enemies, promoting a healthier environment and improved crop yields. Mechanical methods, such as cutting and pulling roots, are also viable, especially with sufficient labor. Chemical controls, like pesticides and herbicides, can be necessary but can lead to issues like resistance in target species, high costs, and non-target impacts. Therefore, they should be considered as a last resort, applied in targeted manners, and with a preference for non-persistent products. Furthermore, maintaining the natural habitat of predators and implementing ecologically friendly methods contribute significantly to food security and are economically valuable.