Answer :
Final answer:
Which claims it is used to protect a first-time candidate, while in reality, gerrymandering often benefits incumbents or political parties already in power. Therefore, the correct option is 1) Gerrymandering is used to protect a first-time candidate.
Explanation:
Gerrymandering is not correct. Gerrymandering is a strategic process used by political parties to redraw legislative district boundaries to gain electoral advantage. Specifically, it involves two main tactics: packing, which concentrates opposition voters into one district, thus giving up one district to win others, and cracking, which disperses a group of voters into multiple districts to dilute their voting power in each. Option 1) is incorrect because gerrymandering is usually intended to benefit established politicians or a specific political party, not first-time candidates. Options 2), 3), and 4) all describe actual techniques used in gerrymandering: Pairing incumbents (known as "double-bunking"), concentrating minority groups within a single district to limit their influence elsewhere (sometimes called "packing"), or diffusing them across several districts to dilute their influence (known as "cracking").