Answer :
Final answer:
The standard number identification code uniquely identifies standardized protocols, such as ISO 9001 for quality management systems. Multiple related standards exist to cover different aspects or applications within an area. Therefore the correct answer is a).
Explanation:
For instance, ISO 9001 is a standard for quality management systems, ASTM D123 refers to standard terminologies for textiles, ANSI/IEEE C2 is the National Electrical Safety Code, and ASME B31.1 governs the design and construction of power piping systems.
Multiple standards may exist within a domain to address different aspects, dimensions, or specific applications. For example, in the realm of quality management, there may be standards for general requirements, specific industry applications, or detailed procedural guidance.
The need for a global standard like ISO arose due to disparities in industrial development and trade barriers stemming from country-specific standards. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which began operations on February 23, 1947, aims to unify industrial standards and is made up of member nations through national standards organizations like the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
ISO standards, for example, cover product design, specifications, design methods, and production processes. Companies participate voluntarily in following these standards, which are verified through external audits. Industry-specific standards like ISO/IEC 17025, which pertains to testing and calibration laboratories, focus on the competence of producing valid results.