Answer :
The term for dissatisfaction with a sitting president affecting midterm election results is called the 'midterm slump,' where the president's party often loses seats in Congress. So the correct option is (3) Midterm slump.
Dissatisfaction with a sitting president can affect the results of midterm elections, a phenomenon known as the midterm slump. This occurs because the president's party often faces blame for the president's actions or lack thereof. As a result, representatives and senators from the sitting president's party are more likely to lose their seats during a midterm election year. This pattern of midterm elections benefiting the opposition party has been consistent since the Civil War, with only a few exceptions. The coattail effect, which occurs during presidential election years and benefits the members of a popular presidential candidate's party, is essentially reversed during midterm elections.
The "midterm slump" occurs because midterm elections are seen as a referendum on the president's performance. If voters are dissatisfied with the president or his policies, they may express their discontent by voting against the president's party in the midterm elections. This dissatisfaction can manifest in various ways, such as lower voter turnout among supporters of the president's party or increased voter mobilization among opposition voters.
As a result, the president's party often experiences losses in midterm elections, leading to a shift in the balance of power in Congress. This phenomenon is not uncommon in American politics and has been observed in many midterm elections throughout history. So the correct option is (3) Midterm slump.